Irak’a M\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131nda Irak yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve federal bir devlet olmu\u015ftur. Irak’\u0131n federal bir devlet olarak in\u015fa s\u00fcreci uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Irak’ta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar bu Irak’\u0131n in\u015fa s\u00fcrecinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Kuzey Irak’ta yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan referandum ve bu referandum hakk\u0131ndaki endi\u015fe ve beklentiler de bu in\u015fa s\u00fcrecinin sonucu oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Irak’\u0131n federal olarak yeniden in\u015fa s\u00fcrecine Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 asl\u0131nda bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Bu konuda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi sizlerle payla\u015fmak istedim.<\/p>\n
IRAK\u2019TA FEDERAL YAPILANMA S\u00dcREC\u0130NE IRAK\u2019LILARIN BAKI\u015eI VE KUZEY IRAK REFERANDUMU
\n(Federalizm-Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k-Etnik Yap\u0131)
\nOrta Do\u011fu\u2019nun yeniden \u015fekillendirme s\u00fcrecinde Irak\u2019a yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131 Kuzey Irak\u2019ta kurulan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netiminin 25 Eyl\u00fcl 2017 tarihinde yapaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k referandumu \u00f6nemli siyasal sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karabilecektir. Hukuki me\u015fruiyetten yoksun bu referandum Kuzey Irak y\u00f6netiminin Irak\u2019tan ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrt devleti olu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinin yeni bir merhalesidir. <\/p>\n
Elbette bu s\u00fcrecin kadim emperyal projelerle ilgisi vard\u0131r. Irak\u2019a m\u00fcdahale ve Irak devletinin yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecinde bug\u00fcn referandumla g\u00fcndeme gelen endi\u015feler o zaman da vard\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrecin ne sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131 Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecine ve bu s\u00fcrecin hangi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fine dair daha \u00f6nce Kas\u0131m 2005\u2019te yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan derlenmi\u015ftir. Federal Irak olu\u015fmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik Irak\u2019l\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri bug\u00fcn ya\u015fananlara \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r
\nIrak\u2019a m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecinde BM taraf\u0131ndan 22\u201325 Temmuz 2005 tarihleri aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131lan ankette Federalizm konusunda Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n e\u011filimi de sorgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n
\u201cIrakl\u0131 politikac\u0131lar\u0131n federalizm fikri \u00fcst\u00fcnde tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisi sizin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenizi en iyi \u015fekilde belirtmektedir?\u201d Sorusuna verilen cevap %41\u2019le \u201cB\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Irak\u2019a yol a\u00e7ar\u201d \u015f\u0131kk\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. %31\u2019i ise \u201cFederalizm fikrini anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ifade etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ankete g\u00f6re Anayasan\u0131n federal Irak tercihi Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n genelinde olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nBu soruya verilen cevaplar\u0131n etnik ve mezheplere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi enteresan ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermi\u015fti. \u201cFederalizm B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Irak’a Yol A\u00e7ar\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 verenlerin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu kesim %54.55\u2019le T\u00fcrkmenler ve %51,7 ile S\u00fcnni Arap\u2019lar olmu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n
Federalizmin i\u00e7 sava\u015fa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131ndan en fazla endi\u015fe duyan %46,8 ile S\u00fcnni Arap\u2019lar olmu\u015ftu. Daha sonra T\u00fcrkmenler(%32,7) ve \u015eii Araplar(%28,8) gelmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrtler ise federalizmin \u201cK\u00fcrt ve di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d %61 gibi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7o\u011funlukla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Federalizmin \u201cK\u00fcrt ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d en \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler %34,6 ile K\u00fcrtlerdi. T\u00fcrkmenlerin ise %23,6\u2019s\u0131 bu sonuca gelinece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteydi. <\/p>\n
Anayasa ile Irak\u2019\u0131n federal yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 konusunda T\u00fcrkmenler olduk\u00e7a endi\u015feli oldu\u011fu anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir. T\u00fcrkmenlerin %32,7\u2019i \u201ci\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan\u201d, %54,5\u2019i \u201cB\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Irak\u2019a yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131ndan\u201d endi\u015fe etmektedir. T\u00fcrkmenlerin sadece %9\u2019u \u201cFederal Irak\u2019\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alaca\u011f\u0131na\u201d inanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Anket sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu e\u011filimler federal Irak idealinin en fazla K\u00fcrtlerde benimsendi\u011fini ortaya koymaktayd\u0131. Di\u011fer etnik ve mezhep unsurlar\u0131 \u201cfederalizm\u201di tedirginlik kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. K\u00fcrtlerin Irak\u2019ta federal yap\u0131lanman\u0131n \u201cK\u00fcrt ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u201d yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na dair e\u011filimi, Irak\u2019ta K\u00fcrtlerin son derece bilin\u00e7li oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.
\n15 Ekim 2005\u2019te Irak Anayasa referandum sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermi\u015fti.
\nVilayet Evet Hay\u0131r
\nAnbar 3.04% 96.96%
\nBabil 94.56% 5.44%
\nBa\u011fdat 77.7% 22.3%
\nBasra 96.02% 3.98%
\nDahuk 99.13% 0.87%
\nDiyala 51.27% 48.73%
\nErbil 99.36% 0.64%
\nKerbela 96.58% 3.42%
\nKerk\u00fck 62.91% 37.09%
\nMisan 97.79% 2.21%
\nMusanna 98.65% 1.35%
\nNecef 95.82% 4.18%
\nMusul 44.92% 55.08%
\nKadisiya 96.74% 3.26%
\nSalahaddin 18.25% 81.75%
\nZikar 97.15% 2.85%
\nVasit 95.70% 4.30%
\nS\u00fcleymaniye 98.96% 1.04%
\nReferanduma oy verme e\u011filimi etnisite ve mezhep farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Hay\u0131r diyen Selahaddin ve Anbar vilayetlerinde S\u00fcnni Arap \u00e7o\u011funluktad\u0131r. Hay\u0131r oylar\u0131 %37\u2019yi a\u015fan Kerk\u00fck\u2019te T\u00fcrkmenlerin, %22\u2019yi bulan Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta ise S\u00fcnni Araplar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
Gerek etnik ve mezhep, gerekse eyaletler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan referandumda oy verme e\u011filimleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, referandum sonras\u0131nda muhtemel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan ve potansiyelini g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmaktayd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bug\u00fcn hem T\u00fcrkmenlerin durumu, Kerk\u00fck\u2019te ya\u015fananlar, Irak\u2019ta ya\u015fananlar ve 25 Eyl\u00fcl 2017\u2019de yap\u0131lacak referandum Irak\u2019ta devletin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta devletin yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecinde yap\u0131lan bu tesbitler Federal yap\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olmayan Arap \u00fclkelerinde etnisiteye ve etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcre dayal\u0131 bir yap\u0131lanman\u0131n Irak\u2019\u0131 karga\u015faya ve i\u00e7 sava\u015fa g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmekte oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n
Genelkurmay II. Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orgeneral \u0130lker Ba\u015fbu\u011f, 27 May\u0131s 2004 tarihindeki \u201cT\u00fcrkiye, NATO ve AB Perspektifinden Kriz B\u00f6lgelerinin \u0130ncelenmesi Ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Etkileri Sempozyumu\u201dnu a\u00e7\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda bu konuda \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmede bulunmu\u015ftu:
\n\u201cSorun de\u011fi\u015fik beklentiler ta\u015f\u0131yan Irak\u2019taki b\u00fct\u00fcn etnik ve inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n hak\u00e7a nas\u0131l bir arada tutulaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlenmektedir.
\n An\u0131lan yasa, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc gev\u015fek merkezi federal devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rmektedir. Tarihi \u00f6rnekler, farkl\u0131 etnik ve inan\u00e7 gruplar\u0131na sahip \u00fclkelerin daha \u00e7ok, kuvvetli bir merkezi idare alt\u0131nda bir arada tutulabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu yap\u0131lanma, e\u011fer ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilecek midir?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBa\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamayabilece\u011fi\u201d konusunda bir endi\u015feyi de dile getiren bu sorunun bug\u00fcn cevab\u0131 \u201cba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z\u201dd\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n 30 A\u011fustos 2005 tarihinde Wall Street Journal Gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanan “T\u00fcrkiye Yeni Irak \u0130dealine Ba\u011fl\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde \u201cotoriter zihniyet hen\u00fcz geride kalm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil ve “g\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131” s\u0131k s\u0131k “\u00fclkenin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131” ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d demi\u015fti. Bug\u00fcn referandumla geldi\u011fimiz sonu\u00e7 ise g\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda \u00fclkenin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hususundaki endi\u015felerimizdir.<\/p>\n
Bu referandum K\u00fcrtlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olma siyasal ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fma konusunda federalizmi bir ara\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, T\u00fcrkmenlerin federalizm \u201cIrak\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine yola a\u00e7ar.\u201d endi\u015fesini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kuzey Irak\u2019ta ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k referandumu m\u00fcnasebetiyle bug\u00fcn Irak\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, i\u00e7 sava\u015f gibi b\u00f6lgesel sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilecek endi\u015felerden bahsediliyorsa asl\u0131nda bu endi\u015felerin Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecinde de var oldu\u011funu bu veriler ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn Kuzey Irak\u2019ta yap\u0131lan referandum bilin\u00e7li bir s\u00fcrecin yeni bir ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yeni Irak\u2019\u0131n federal yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda Irak\u2019l\u0131lar\u0131n endi\u015fe ve beklentilerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemdeyiz. Uluslararas\u0131 laboratuvarlarda yeni devlet in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n alanda ne sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011funun ac\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Irak\u2019\u0131n bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 endi\u015feler ortaya konmu\u015fken, bunun hilaf\u0131na Yeni Irak kim i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Asl\u0131nda Irak Anayasa\u2019s\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, Irak K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen model \u201cfedere devlet\u201d ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yak\u0131n bir \u201cegemen devlet\u201d aras\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibidir.<\/p>\n
Bu referandumun amac\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir K\u00fcrt devletinin olu\u015fmas\u0131 yolunda bug\u00fcne kadar Irak\u2019\u0131n yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecinde olu\u015fturulmak istenen bilinci somut bir irade olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Yani Per\u015fembenin geli\u015fi \u00c7ar\u015fambadan belliydi. Yeni Irak\u2019\u0131 olu\u015fturan g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu referandumu engellemesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Referandumu engelleyebilecek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve iradeleri olanlar\u0131n bunu engellemeyip referandum yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n da bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. <\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bu hususlar asl\u0131nda b\u00f6lgemizde emperyal proje sahiplerinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Peki ya biz ne \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fck ve ne yapt\u0131k? Ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131z? <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in hayati sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilecek bu geli\u015fmeleri milli menfaat, milli g\u00fcvenlik ve milli birlik ekseninde de\u011ferlendirmeli ve \u00f6ncelikle referandumun yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Irak’a M\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131nda Irak yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve federal bir devlet olmu\u015ftur. Irak’\u0131n federal bir devlet olarak in\u015fa s\u00fcreci uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Irak’ta…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arsiv"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4371"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4371\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oktayvural.com.tr\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}